Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense

The Pattern :

(+) S + have/has + V₃ + .....

(-) S + have/has + not + V₃ + .....

(?) Have/has + S + V₃ + .....?

Example :

(+) Maya and Winda have visited Monas.

(-) Maya and Winda have not visited Monas.

(?) Have Maya and Winda visited Monas?

(+) Andri has gone to Surabaya.

(-) Andri has not gone to Surabaya.

(?) Has Andri gone to Surabaya?

Adverb of Time :

-         Already

-         Yet

-         Never

-         Just

-         For.....

-         Ever

-         Since

-         Yesterday

-         Many times

The Functions of Present Perfect Tense

1)   Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi dan masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang ini.

-         You have read the short story for a week.

2)  Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah dilakukan berulang-ulang.

-         We have visited Toba Lake three times.

3)  Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah terjadi di waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini.

-         I have studied English for two years.

4)  Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja selesai.

-         They have just arrived.

Present Perfect Tense

The Pattern :

(+) S + had + V₃ + O

(-) S + had + not + V₃ + O

(?) Had + S + O + ?

The Functions of Present Perfect Tense

1)   Menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang sudah dilakukan di masa lampau.

• I had gone to Jogjakarta with my friend.

2)  Menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang telah terjadi sebelum saat tertentu di masa lampau.

• I had done my homework before nine.

3)  Menyatakan suatu peristiwa, kejadian, dan perbuatan yang sudah selesai sebelum perbuatan lain terjadi.

• She had fallen before I help her.
  

Vocabs : Parts of Body

I hope that my vocabularies here can help you to add your knowledge, guys ! :))

Vocabs : Shapes

Equilateral Triangle 

Cube

Acute Angle

Pyramid

Circle

 

Cone

  Diagonal

Diamond

Ellipse

Heart

Hexagon

Hypotenuse

Isosceles Triangle

Kite

Obtuse Angle

Octagon

Oval

Parallelogram

Pentagon

Petal

Rectangle

Rhombus

Right Angle Triangle

Semi Circle

Shell

Sphere

 

Square

Star

Teardrop

Trapezoid

Triangle

 Prism

 Cylinder

Coffin

Greetings

Greetings

From the picture above, we know we talk about Greetings.
Greeting is a short sentence that is used when we meet or say goodbye to someone.


The functions of greetings are :

1)     To say “good morning” to everyone when you wake up in the morning.

2)   To greet your friends or teachers when you meet them.

3)    To say “goodbye” or “bye” when you are leaving.

Greeting (salam)

If we meet someone, we usually greet him/her. Here are some sentences to greet other(s). The expressions are :

-        Good morning

-        Good afternoon

-        Good evening

-        Good night

-        Hello

-        Hi!

-        Hey!

-        Good day.

After the expressions above, we can say :

-        How are you?

-        How’s life?

-        How are things?

-        How’s everything?

-        How are you getting on?

The responds are :

-        Very well, thank you.

-        I’m fine, thank you.

-        Fine, thanks.

-        Just fine.

-        Not too bad, thanks.

-        I’m okay, thanks.

Leave-taking (berpisah untuk minta diri)

-        I think I have to leave now

-        I’m sorry, I must be off now.

The expressions are :

-        See you/see you later

-        Goodbye/bye/bye-bye

-        Good night (it is used at night)

-        See you next time.

-        Till we meet again!

-        I’ll be seeing you.

-        I’ll be waiting!

-        I must go now.

-        I’m sorry, but it’s time for me to leave.

The responds are :

-        Alright then.

-        Why do you leave so soon?

-        Ok then.

Ok dude, it’s all the explanation about greetings. After you read this, please don’t forget to greet someone whom you meet. :)

Present Tense

Simple Present Tense

The formula of Simple Present Tense :

1)           Pola Kalimat

-      Untuk Subjek (S) : I, You, We, They, Plural Nouns (kata benda jamak).

a.   Kalimat verbal (kalimat yang predikatnya adalah kata kerja)

(+) S + V₁ + .....

(-) S + do + not + V₁ + .....

(?) Do + S + V₁ + .....?

Example :

(+) They go to school everyday.

(-) They do not go to school everyday.

(?) Do they go to school everyday?

b.   Kalimat nominal (kalimat yang predikatnya selain kata kerja).

(+) S + to be (am, are) + non-verb + .....

(-) S + to be (am, are) + not + non-verb + .....

(?) To be (am, are) + S + non-verb + .....?

Example :

(+) I am a singer.

(-) I am not a singer.

(?) Am I a singer?

(+) They are students.

(-) They are not students.

(?) Are they students?

-      Untuk Subjek (S) : He, She, It, Singular Nouns (kata benda tunggal).

a.   Kalimat verbal (kalimat yang predikatnya adalah kata kerja).

(+) S + V₁ + s/es + .....

(-) S + does + not + V₁ + .....

(?) Does + S + V₁ + .....?

Example :

(+) She goes to school everyday.

(-) She does not go to school everyday.

(?) Does she go to school everyday?

b.   Kalimat nominal (kalimat yang predikatnya selain kata kerja)

(+) S + to be (is) + non-verb + .....

(-) S + to be (is) + not + non-verb + .....

(?) To be (is) + S + non-verb + .....?

        Example :
        (+) She is very diligent.
        (-) She is not very diligent.
        (?) Is she very diligent?

Keterangan :

Pada subjek : He, She, It, Singular nouns, maka untuk kata kerja (verb) yang :

a.   Diakhiri huruf hidup (vokal) : -o dan huruf mati (konsonan) : -x, -ss, -sh, -ch, maka ditambah dengan –es.

Example :

-      Go → goes.

-      Fix → fixes.

-      Pass → passes.

-      Wash → washes.

-      Watch → watches.

b.   Diakhiri oleh huruf –y yang didahului huruf mati maka diganti dengan –i, lalu ditambah –es.

Example :

-      Fly → flies.

-      Cry → cries.

c.   Diakhiri oleh huruf –y yang didahului huruf hidup maka ditambah -s saja.

Example :

-      Pay → pays.

-      Play → plays.

d.   Kata kerja (verb) lain yang tidak termasuk dalam golongan di atas cukup ditambah dengan –s saja.

Example :

-      Sleep → sleeps.

-      Eat → eats.

The Functions of Simple Present Tense :

1)   To express habitual action.

-      I go to school everyday.

2)  To express general statement of the fact.

-      The water is white.

-      The sun rises in the east.

-      Indonesia has 2 seasons.

3)  Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah direncanakan dan dijadwalkan pada waktu yang akan datang.

-      Surabaya team plays the soccer in Senayan Stadion.

Adverb of time :

-      Always

-      Usually

-      Frequently/often

-      Seldom/rarely

-      Sometimes

-      Never

Every :

-      Everyday

-      Every week

-      Every month

-      Every Sunday

Present Continuous Tense

The Pattern of Present Continuous Tense
(+) S + to be + V₁-ing + .....
(-) S + to be + not + V₁-ing + not + .....
(?) To be + S + V₁-ing + .....?

Example :
(+) I am reading now.
(-) I am not reading now.
(?) Am I reading now?

(+) They are playing hide and seek now.
(-) They are not playing hide and seek now.
(?) Are they playing hide and seek now?

(+) David is reading a book now.
(-) David is not reading a book now.
(?) Is David reading a book now?

Keterangan :
    Subjek (S)              To be

-      He, She, It           Is

-      I                         Am

-      You, We, They      Are

Adverb of time :

-      Now/right now

-      At present

-      Today

The functions of Present Continuous Tense are :

1)   Menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada saat berbicara.

-      She is watching a TV now.

2)  Menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang bersifat sementara.

-      He is reading now but he will write soon.

3)  Menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang akan segera dilakukan di masa yang akan datang dan kata keterangan (tonight, tomorrow) harus disebutkan.

-      Nick is leaving for Los Angeles tonight.

4)  Menyatakan suatu peristiwa, pekerjaan atau perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung dalam suatu periode tertentu di masa sekarang meskipun tidak dilakukan pada saat berbicara.

-      I am studying Tourism at Atmajaya University now.

  Dalam bahasa Inggris, dikenal kata kerja yang memiliki keterangan waktu sekarang (now, right now, at the moment) namun tidak boleh menggunakan Present Continuous Tense. Kata kerja ini disebut stative verb.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The Functions of Present Perfect Continuous Tense are :

1)           Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan perbuatan tersebut masih barlangsung sampai saat ini dan memungkinkan akan terus berlangsung sampai masa yang akan datang.

-      You have been living in Amsterdam for four years.

2)          Menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang telah dilakukan berulang-ulang hingga saat ini.

-      I have been studying English since 2003.

The Formula of Present Perfect Continuos Tense :
(+) S + have/has + been + V₁-ing + O + adv.of time
(-) S + have/has + not + been + V₁-ing + O + adv.of time
(?) Have/has + S + been + V₁-ing + O + adv.of time?

Example :
(+) You have been staying here.
(-) You have not been staying here.
(?) Have you been staying here?